Temporal Lobes in the Cerebral Cortex

The temporal lobe is one of the four main lobes or regions of the cerebral cortex. It is located in the largest division of the brain known as the forebrain (prosencephalon). As with the frontal,  occipital, and parietal lobes, there is one temporal lobe located in each brain hemisphere. Temporal Lobes The temporal lobes are responsible for sensory processing, auditory perception, language and speech production, and memory storage.The temporal lobes are located in the prosencephalon or forebrain between the occipital and parietal lobes.Important structures within the temporal lobes include the olfactory cortex, the hippocampus, Wernickes Area, and the amygdala.The amygdala controls many autonomic responses to emotional stimulants and is also responsible for memory sorting and storing.Damage to the temporal lobes can result in impaired auditory perception, difficulty understanding and producing language, and memory loss. The temporal lobes play an important role in organizing sensory input, auditory perception, language and speech production, as well as memory association and formation. Structures of the limbic system, including the olfactory cortex, amygdala, and the hippocampus are located within the temporal lobes. Damage to this area of the brain can result in problems with memory, understanding language, and maintaining emotional control. Location The temporal lobes are anterior to the occipital lobes and inferior to the frontal lobes and parietal lobes. A  large deep groove known as the Fissure of Sylvius separates the parietal and temporal lobes. Function The temporal lobes are involved in several functions of the body related to thought and sensory processing, including: Auditory PerceptionMemorySpeechLanguage ComprehensionEmotional ResponseVisual PerceptionFacial Recognition The temporal lobes aid in auditory processing and sound perception in addition to being vital to language comprehension and speech production. Speech and language-related tasks are accomplished by Wernickes Area, which helps to process words and interpret spoken language. Another primary role of the temporal lobes is memory and emotion processing and the most important brain structure involved in this is the amygdala. The amygdala receives sensory information from the thalamus and other areas of the cerebral cortex. Limbic structures of the temporal lobe are responsible for regulating many emotions as well as forming, processing, and classifying memories based on new and existing information. The amygdala, with the help of the hippocampus, aids in memory formation and connects emotions and senses, such as smell and sound, to memories. This mass of cells sorts through memories to determine where they will be stored long-term and also controls many autonomic responses to different stimulants such as the fight or flight response to fear. Damage to the Temporal Lobes Damage to the temporal lobes can present a number of issues. A stroke or seizure that impacts the temporal lobes can result in an inability to understand language or speak properly. An individual may also have difficulty hearing or perceiving sound if they have suffered trauma. Additionally, temporal lobe damage may lead an individual to develop anxiety disorders or aggressive behavior—memory loss and hallucinations sometimes follow. In certain cases, patients even develop a condition called Capgras Delusion,  which is the belief that people, often loved ones, are not who they appear to be.

Coca Col A Symbol Of American Culture - 1599 Words

The history of Coca-cola told by the company, is a story of innovation, economic growth, and American pride. The way they tell it Coca-cola is truly a symbol of American culture, however everyone’s favorite soft drink may not be so sweet once you know the full history. Coca-Cola was founded in 1886. It’s inventor was a pharmacist named John Pemberton. Pemberton originally sold Coke as a pharmaceutical drug in the form of syrup containing cocaine and wine. It was intended to cure morphine addiction, however soon after Pemberton finalized his formula the campaign for prohibition began and he was forced to replace the wine with other ingredients. After much trial and error Pemberton settled on carbonated water, and this is how Coca-cola†¦show more content†¦Candler quickly liquidated the pharmaceutical share of the business and focused on the soda portion. In his first year he increased the company’s profit nearly ten times over.The following year Candler made the company public and opened at $20 a share, which while factoring in inflation, amounts to about $500 by today’s standards. Candler continued to facilitate the growth of the company, and in 1894 the first Coca-Cola syrup factory opened in Georgia, quickly follo wed by plants in Illinois, Texas, and California, and by 1895 Coke was drunk in every state in the U.S.. The company’s fast, and quickly accelerating growth generated the need for larger factories, and more jobs and provided opportunity for new business. Joe Biedenharn was the first â€Å"Bottler† of Coca-Cola. Biedenharn ran a candy shop on the side of his father’s shoe store, and surprised by the high demand for Coca-Cola, installed a bottling system, with which he used to sell cases of coke to farmers, and camp workers. This was the beginning of the Coca-Cola Bottling business; several privately owned business bottling Coca-Cola on their own for larger sales. Bottling only became widespread industry when Candler obtained the rights to bottling Coca-Cola throughout the entire country. Shortly after the first bottling plant was opened in 1899 and over the next twenty years the company grew by over one thousand percent. As the company continued to grow, it became a symbol in American culture. What

Counterinsurgency in WWII and Vietnam Free Essays

The counterinsurgencies in World War Two and Vietnam are strikingly different precisely because the insurgencies they fought were different. Every insurgency is unique. Some feel that an insurgency carries advantages that make it inherently unbeatable. We will write a custom essay sample on Counterinsurgency in WWII and Vietnam or any similar topic only for you Order Now Because the superior force is rarely prepared for an insurgency they are at a disadvantage from day one. The primary lesson learned from the experiences of World War Two and Vietnam is that counterinsurgency must entail more than just the deployment of superior military forces. An insurgency is not unbeatable. For a counterinsurgency campaign to be successful a carefully devised comprehensive strategy that integrates military, political and humanitarian goals must be devised. Insurgency and Counterinsurgency Defined Insurgency is a broadly defined term. An insurgency can take many forms. Generally speaking, it is an uprising of a smaller, weaker military and political force against the force that occupies power. Because insurgents are almost always outnumbered and lack military equipment, they fight a guerrilla-type war. Their goal is not to defeat the opposing force militarily, but instead to erode it while inflicting as many losses as possible. Insurgents often look for â€Å"soft targets† to attack rather than facing the enemy head-on. The ultimate goal is to fight a low intensity war that drains the opposing side of resources and public support. Robert Smith, in The Utility of Force, describes a common process through which insurgencies begin. First, one political wing separates from a larger party. After arming itself, this wing initiates a low intensity conflict against a larger power. Over time, the larger force is persuaded to cut its losses and withdraw. The insurgent party then goes about establishing a dominant force of its own (Smith, 2007). This cycle is evident in the 1980s insurgency of the Afghans against the Soviet Union and the eventual emergence of the Taliban. In recent years, the term â€Å"insurgency† has also been used to describe any conflict in which groups of foreign fighters enter a country to oppose a larger force. In either case the tactics of insurgency are similar. Counterinsurgency, in turn, is more than just military opposition to the insurgent force. Broadly defined, Counterinsurgency is the attempt by a political power or occupying force to tamp down rebellion. In the late 20th and early 21st century the effectiveness of insurgent tactics has been rediscovered. Media and technological advances have been integrated effectively and, as a result, insurgencies have become more complex. In response, counterinsurgency tactics have been revised and modernized. It is generally recognized that a more comprehensive military, political, economic and cultural effort is now required. Between World War Two and the present day, the nature and scope of counterinsurgency programs changed dramatically. The Vietnam conflict represented a halfway point in that evolutionary process. The learning curve has been irregular, though. As each new insurgency surfaces new lessons must be learned and old lessons re-learned. World War Two: The emergence of modern insurgency and counterinsurgency Insurgency and counterinsurgency are not terms typically used in relation to World War Two. The seeds for the modern usage of both were sown during this era, however. The French resistance is sometimes described as an insurgent campaign. The tactics used by the Germans to counter this insurgency were brutal but ultimately ineffective. In fact, the French Resistance is credited with â€Å"coordinating sabotages and other actions which contributed to the success of Operation Overlord† (Smith, 2007). Allied forces even then were aware of the need to work with assets of â€Å"various political colors† (Smith, 2007). In working with insurgents in the early years of the war the Allies gained some knowledge about how to defeat an insurgency. This knowledge, in part, would be capitalized on at the end of World War Two and twenty years later in Vietnam. Meanwhile, the Germans faced a second insurgency from the Soviet Partisans. These were pro-communist Soviets most active in the border regions between Germany and the U. S. S. R. Like in the French resistance, these fighters sabotaged and harassed any vulnerable areas of the German occupiers they could find. Unlike in France, the Germans were never able to install a puppet regime to help them quell the population. The German counterinsurgency strategy was to stamp out any resistance as quickly as possible. The Germans and the Partisans for that matter executed thousands of civilians in this region. Counterinsurgency tactics in World War Two were somewhat primitive. Primarily, the goal was to use overwhelming military force before installing a puppet government favorable to the more powerful force. Terror was the tool for holding on to that power. Tactical reviews after the war provided some valuable information, but were also tainted by the political atmosphere of the day. For example, U. S. reports may have overemphasized the effect of partisans terrorizing the local population into supporting them. The effect of the terror caused by German counterinsurgency forces and other possible ideological reasons for local support were not studied fully enough. In the waning days of the war, remnants of the Nazi SS launched an insurgency of their own. Initial public support kept the insurgency afloat for nearly two years as various sabotages and political assassinations harassed the occupying forces. Eventually â€Å"Operation Werewolf† was defeated when the German public became assured that the Allies were committed to rebuilding their nation, through such programs as the Marshall Plan. This stands in sharp contrast to the terroristic methods of counterinsurgency that had been employed in earlier years. While not specifically part of the counterinsurgency program, media control assisted the allies in a way it would not during Vietnam. The greater threat posed to the American nation itself during World War Two led the public to accept tight military control of what was released through newspapers or other media. The media blackout was perhaps more successful for the Germans. Since the German public heard little or no negative news from the front, the Partisans and The French Resistance were never able to erode support for the war within Germany. In this sense, a totalitarian state with vast resources and complete media control has a certain advantage in counterinsurgency over free nations. When World War Two was over, the template of a successful insurgency had been advanced farther than that if a successful counterinsurgency. In the words of U. S. General Robert Smith: By the end of the Second World War, the defining characteristics of the antithesis of industrial war had been established, as a combination of basic guerilla and revolutionary warfare. (Smith, 2007) None the less, Allied knowledge increased from having been on both sides of irregular conflicts. Allied forces would put much of what they had learned about counterinsurgency into action during Vietnam. As always, some lessons had to be re-learned under difficult circumstances. Vietnam: Hard Lessons Researchers are still debating the effectiveness of the counterinsurgency effort in Vietnam. There is no doubt that operations such as â€Å"Market Time† and â€Å"Phoenix† were more sophisticated than any such efforts in World War Two. Militarily, they were at least partially successful. Efforts such as these combined elements of Allied experiences with what they had learned by studying German methods during World War Two. The military began to create â€Å"strategic hamlets† throughout South Vietnam. In order to do so, though, entire villages of civilians would often be relocated. Air assets also sprayed chemical agents on large tracts of farmland growing crops that could be used to help the North Vietnamese. In some cases, large numbers of civilians only suspected of collaborating with the communists were killed. Ironically, at the same time a humanitarian effort was established. USAID personnel, who had 6 months of language immersion and training in nation building, spearheaded the effort. The Military Assistance Command for Vietnam also worked with the National Revolutionary Development Plan to help Vietnamese victims of the war. Even when pacification efforts within Vietnam itself were going well, the insurgents were winning the media war. The Tet offensive was a military defeat for the communists. After Tet â€Å"the flagging rural pacification program picked up momentum†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Chant, 1990). Despite its military success, the counterinsurgency failed in two critical ways. The Vietnamese Communists fought the â€Å"hearts and minds† battle better, giving the peasants promises that had real meaning to them. For instance; the communists promised land loans and lower taxes to peasants (Alexander, 2002). The coalition could never establish a trust relationship with the majority of the population. When Congress cut off funds and recommended that â€Å"ground forces should not be committed† the mistrust of the Vietnamese was confirmed (Chant, 1990). In Vietnam, the media was on the front lines of war as never before. Initially the Allies believed that this would be a showcase for the military and would help maintain support for the war. By the end of the war, the insurgents had turned this factor completely in their favor. The North Vietnamese capitalized on American broadcasts and broadcasts of their own, essentially communicating directly to the American people that the war was unwinnable. They rightly assumed that the American media could play a significant role in eroding public support for the war. When the American military tried to exert greater control over the media, distrust and opposition to the war only increased. Analysis and Conclusion Contrary to popular belief, insurgencies have a long track record of success. In fact; â€Å"irregular or guerrilla warfare is, in fact, the most successful form of conflict† (Alexander, 2002). It is the repeated failure of major powers to recognize this and anticipate it that itself are the major reasons for insurgent success. In World War Two, insurgencies were relatively contained. In Vietnam and in the 21st century they are not. They are sophisticated multinational operations in which the insurgents sometimes cannot even be identified. World War Two and Vietnam are evidence that insurgency can take many different forms. The overall lesson, however, is the same. The degree of success for a counterinsurgency is directly related to the degree the insurgency was anticipated and planned for. Another clear lesson is that a counterinsurgency employing only military means is destined to fail. The experiences in World War Two and Vietnam do give some clues as to how to deal with the insurgency in Iraq. A comprehensive strategy must be developed that separates the insurgents from those who support them. Then an effective intelligence network with ample numbers of human assets must be developed and maintained. As shown in Iraq the lessons of prior wars are forgotten and must be re-learned. For example, when insurgents were driven out of a town coalition forces would often leave that area undefended. It was not until at least three years into the war that coalition forces began to use the â€Å"take and hold† method used in Vietnam more than three decades earlier. The ability to defeat insurgencies in the future depends upon learning and capitalizing on lessons such as these. The first step to defeating an insurgency is to expect one. The second step is to plan a counterinsurgency. Beyond these simple steps the process is incredibly complex and there are no hard and fast rules. Sources Alexander, Bevin. (2002). How Wars are Won: the 13 rules of war from ancient Greece to the War on Terror. New York: Crown Publishers. Chant, Christopher. (1990). The Military History of the United States (Vol. 13). New York: Marshall Cavendish. Markel, Wade. (2006). â€Å"Draining the Swamp: The British Strategy of Population Control†. Parameters. Retrieved 1/7/2008 from: http://www. carlisle. army. mil/usawc/Parameters/06spring/markel. htm . McClintock, Michael. (2002). â€Å"U. S. Guerrilla Warfare, Counterinsurgency and Counterterrorism, 1940-1990†. Instruments of Statecraft. Retrieved 1/7/2008 from: http://www. statecraft. org/chapter3. html . Smith, Robert. (2007). The Utility of Force: the art of war in the modern world. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. How to cite Counterinsurgency in WWII and Vietnam, Papers

Foundations of Global Marketing and Advertising

Question: Discuss about the Foundations of Global Marketing and Advertising. Answer: Introduction Advertisement is something which an individual come across, in one form or the other, on a daily basis, no matter what one does, or where they are. It is the audio visual form of marketing used by the organizations, in order to promote and sell a product, idea or any services. Advertising helps the companies in increasing the consumption of their products by creating a brand and an image in the minds of its customers. Advertisement is the best way of making the public aware about the product, and it is also the best way available to the public, to know more about the product, without purchasing it (Green, 2011). Often, in order to attract more customers, the ethical lines are crossed in the advertisements. Sometimes the facts are omitted, or they are exaggerated, and at times even lied upon. Advertisements are used by the companies in order to persuade the customers into buying their product and for this various persuasive techniques are used (Zotos Grau, 2016). One of such techniques is the sexualization of women in the advertisements, and this has been increasing throughout the years. When anything is given the sexual character or the quality, it becomes sexualization. Sexualization has been used by a range of companies to grasp the attention of consumers, and specifically when the focus in on a specific targeted audience (Blair et al., 2006). In the following parts, the ethical issues relating to the sexualization, especially of women in advertisements, have been researched upon. There has been an increase in the sexualization of females in advertisements to promote a product, and such sexualization is not ethical. Test To See If This Hypothesis Is Correct In order to determine if the stated hypothesis is right or wrong, the use of women in the advertisements would be analyzed. The type of advertisements in which the women are used, and how their sexualization helps in the promotion of the product would be examined to determine if the hypothesis is actually correct. Moreover, the theories associated with objectification and sexualization would also be elucidated to affirm the hypothesis. Lastly, the consequences of such sexualization have also been determined to show that such ads are unethical. Methodology In order to carry out this research, a deductive approach has been used, as this study determines that its premises as true. And secondary data has been used, in form of news articles, journals and books to analyze the presence of sexualization in advertisements. The use of this form of data will help in establishing the unethical point of view of such ads. A case study is also undertaken to prove the hypothesis. This case study taken here is of the advertisement of The Axe Effect, where it can be easily seen that the women are treated as merely an object and are sexualized to sell the product. By examining the type of ads in which women are being sexualized, it can be determined that the women are objectified just to attract the attention of the consumers. By using the theory of sex sells the makers of the advertisements often objectify the women, as they view that this would garner the attention and help in the sale of the product (Attwood, 2014). The theories of objectification have highlighted that women are treated as an object and such an object can be used in any form. The theories of sexual objectification highlight that a person is treated as an instrument of sexual pleasure. Even though men are also objectified, but such numbers are quite less (Adams, 2015). The sexualization of the women, on the other hand, has been present since generations and is also expected to continue. These theories highlight the unethical aspect of such advertisements. A huge brand which is involved in the sexualization in their ads, so as to sell their product is AXE. AXE is one of the famous international brands of the male grooming products, and their product range includes deodorants, shower gels, styling products, fragrance sprays, antiperspirants, and shampoos (Unilever, 2016). AXE was first introduced in the 1983 in France by Unilever, which is a multi-billion dollar consumer goods company. After the success of AXE in Europe and Latin America, it was introduced in USA in 2002. The sale of AXE brand is done by making the males believe in the notion that by using their products, all the women would come running towards them, and this is known as The AXE Effect (Unilever USA, 2016). In one of the ads of AXE, titled Billions, a number of women running in an animalistic manner through the forest or are swimming madly across the ocean, so as to reach a man who is shown as bathing himself in the AXE deodorant (Luzakain, 2010). The ad shows the desperation of women that they exist solely for the purpose of pleasing the men. Moreover, the ad uses the clichd performance, which is used not only in the advertisements but also in music videos also, just to sell the product. This performance includes the camera angles, wet bodies, provocative clothing, and the fragmentation to sexualize, as well as, objectify the women. The derogatory imagination is the main appeal behind such ads and these dehumanize the women (Mooij, 2013). In another ad, where the chocolate ice cream fragrance was to be promoted, the women was shown as licking a man after using that particular scented body spray (Pride Ferrell, 2016). Findings The target audience of such products of AXE is young men, who are focused upon girls. The psychological features include masculinity, seductiveness and desirability. The advertisements of AXE are aimed at connecting the action of attracting a woman to the AXE products. By creating a notion of attracting the women by use of this product, the men are attracted towards these products (Pride Ferrell, 2016). But these ads are wrong on ethical grounds. The ads are only aimed at attracting more targeted audience, and forget about the ethical implications of it. By sexualizing and objectifying the women, the profits are achieved. The women are depicted as a sexually object which is a bad example to be set for the already patriarchal society, as well as, demoralizing (BBC, 2007). The over-sexualization and objectification of women in the advertisements of AXE is very common. Apart from this, the ads also use the beautiful version of a woman as per the societys view, where the woman is flawless, tall and slim. Even though such ads are often exaggerated and mostly contain the element of sexual humor, they are disrespectful, as well as, degrading to all the women across the globe (Aleman, 2013). With the passage of times, the sexuality in the ads of AXE has increased manifolds. Even though these are merely ads meant to sell the products of the company, but such ads have a huge impact over the society as a whole. The view that is being sold here is that the sole objective of the women of this earth is to be with and please a man, along with, the standard and image of beauty (Krayer, Ingledew Iphofen, 2008). The image created in the eyes of society is one where the women have flawless features and are simply the object of mans sexual satisfaction. The view of society is not the only view that has been changed regarding a beautiful woman; the view of the women towards themselves has also changed throughout the years. Incidents of body shamming, due to the negative body image have increased manifolds, and this is a recurrent topic of the present age. Women feel shameful due to their shape and size and develop the feelings of awkwardness, shame and even anxiety (Brown University, 2015). The analysis of the AXE advertisement depicts the sexualization of women as the ad emphasizes over the excessive sexuality of women, in addition to how it attracts all men. The ad here clearly suggests that the men are attracted towards sexually appealing women, in comparison to the casually or ordinarily dressed women. By showing all the women in bikini suits, who run towards the man in an animalistic manner, they are shown as the sex objects as per the societal norms, which is clearly a negative connotation of women (Wang, 2016). These ads also engage in the stereotyping of the men (Adams, 2015). The men are depicted as having the only aim of getting more and more girls, and quenching their sexual desires. They are depicted in such manner as the makers believe that the targeted audience would do anything to get a girl, and that by showing such ads, the targeted consumer would rush to buy their product (Pride Ferrell, 2016). And this makes these advertisements wrong on ethical grounds again, as this is misleading for the audience. Even though these ads have been successful for the company, but the society has not seen the positivity of them. The view that has been created through such ads is quite specific. So, not only the women are sexualized in such ads, but also create the image of a beautiful woman. The image of women that is portrayed through such ads is that women are brainless object, and their sole aim is to please men. This is completely unethical as women are given no respect or morality (Grogan, 2008). Conclusion From the above analysis, it can be concluded that the hypothesis of this research paper is correct. Indeed, there has been a rise in the sexualization of females in advertisements to promote a product. Moreover, such sexualization and objectification of women is both immoral and unethical. The women, in the advertisements these days are treated as a sexual object, just so that the sale of the product can increase (Kilbourne, 2012). Moreover, an image of beautiful woman being flawless, slim and fit, has been embedded in the minds of the society, which has resulted in the negative body image of the women. The case study further highlighted how the women are objectified in the ads. The Billions ad showed the women running crazily after a man using the AXE product, in a provocative manner. The only aim of this ad was to garner targeted audiences attention and the ethical implications were simply ignored. And this has been done constantly by AXE in all of its advertisements. This sexualization is not only present in the ads of this product, but also in the ads of various products. As highlighted above, such sexualization is also present in music videos, where the women are objectified and shown in a derogatory manner (Mischner et al., 2013). There are people who view this objectification as liberalization of women, but this paper does not hold that view. The reasons for the rejection of this view are simple, the objectification results in a negative image of women, where they have no respect and are portrayed as a product, and this dehumanizes them (Infanger Sczesny, 2014). To conclude, the sexualization of women in the ads is detrimental and unethical. References Adams, R. (2015). Sexualizing Women In Ads May Hurt Men's Self-Esteem, Too. Retrieved from: https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/sexualizing-women-in-ads-may-hurt-mens-self-esteem-too_us_55faca8de4b08820d9178604 Aleman, P. (2013). The Axe Effect. Retrieved from: https://medialiteracyproject.org/deconstructions/axe-effect/ Attwood, F. (2014). Mainstreaming Sex: The Sexualization of Western Culture. London: I.B.Tauris. BBC. (2007). Sexualisation 'harms' young girls. Retrieved from: https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6376421.stm Blair, J.D., Stephenson, J.D., Hill, K.L., Green, J.S. (2006). Ethics in Advertising: Sex Sells, But Should It?. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 9(1/2), 109-118. Brown University. (2015). Body Image. Retrieved from: https://www.brown.edu/campus-life/health/services/promotion/nutrition-eating-concerns-eating-concerns-and-body-image/body-image Green, J. (2011). Advertising. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group. Grogan, S. (2008). Body Image: Understanding Body Dissatisfaction in Men, Women and Children (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. Infanger, M., Sczesny, S. (2014). Sexualization in advertising re-framed: How empowered and submissive sexualization in ads affects women's well-being. Sex Roles. Doi:10.7892/boris.63687 Kilbourne, J. (2012). Womens Bodies in Advertising. Retrieved from: https://www.ourbodiesourselves.org/health-info/womens-bodies-in-advertising/ Krayer, A., Ingledew, D. K., Iphofen, R. (2008). Social comparison and body image in adolescence: a grounded theory approach. Health Education Research, 23 (5), 892-903. Doi: 10.1093/her/cym076 Luzakain, S. (2010). The AXE Effect - Women Billions. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vKNTCP-ctGw Mischner, H.S.I., Schie, H.T.V., Wigboldus, H.J.D., Baaren, R.V.B., Engels, R.C.M.E. (2013). Thinking big: The effect of sexually objectifying music videos on bodily self-perception in young women. Body Image, 10(1), 2634. Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.08.004 Mooij, M.D. (2013). Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes (4th ed.). USA: Sage Publications. Pride, W. M., Ferrell, O. C. (2016). Foundations of Marketing (7th ed.). MA, USA: Cengage Learning. Unilever USA. (2016). AXE. Retrieved from: https://www.unileverusa.com/brands/our-brands/axe.html Unilever. (2016). AXE. Retrieved from: https://www.unilever.com/brands/ Wang, Y. (2016). Sexual Objectification of Women in Advertising. Munich: GRIN Verlag. Zotos, Y.C., Grau, S.L. (2016). Gender stereotypes in advertising: exploring new directions. International Journal of Advertising, 35(5), 759-760. Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2016.1203555.

Classroom Assessment Essay Example

Classroom Assessment Essay Assessment is the process of obtaining information about a student academic status in school. According to Gronlund and Waugh (2009), assessment is a continueous process, and an integral part of the classroom instruction process. â€Å"It helps in determining learning readiness, in monitoring and improving learning, and in grading or clarifying students achievement † (p. V). The purpose of assessment is to obtain information about a student academic status in order to make decisions on how to help students, teachers and school improve. Proper interpretation of the assessment result is key component in deciding the implication for both the student and teacher. Interpretation of the results For the purpose of this assignment, the assessment results are based on a formative reading assessment used to measure the extent to which students have mastered a specific learning outcome for vocabulary unit in a hypothetical remedial reading class of struggling readers. According to Gronlund Waugh (2009), formative assessment is used to monitor student progress during instruction and is designed to measure mastery of the learning outcomes of a limited segment of instruction. The test is a criterion- referenced because Assessment Development and Use According to Gronlund and Waugh (2009), careful consideration must be given in planning and preparing the assessment. Specific questions concerning the goals of the curriculum, instructional objectives, learning outcomes, and procedures for the assessment were major focus in developing the assessment (Gronlund and Waugh, 2009). The institution provided guidelines of what the students should know and able to do. As a result, reviewing the specific instructional objective outcomes and constructing relevant test items were keys in developing the assessment. In constructing each test item, addition, focus was given to the selection type and matching items to specific learning outcomes. Gronlund and Waugh (2009) stated, â€Å" Use the item type that provide the most direct measures of student performance specified by the intended learning outcome† (p. 76) Assessment Interpretation and Grading Gronlund and Waugh (2009), described two types of assessment interpretations. We will write a custom essay sample on Classroom Assessment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Classroom Assessment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Classroom Assessment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Norm-referenced interpretation compares an individual performance with others. Criterion- referenced interpretation compares the individual with himself and tells what and how each individual performs without comparison to others (Gronlund and Waugh, 2009). The assessment is criterion-referenced, and is one of many assessments throughout the course. The result from the assessment will be used to indicate the extent of which each student master the specific knowledge and skill taught in the unit. Grades assigned to the students work will represent the extent to which the instructional objectives have been achieved (Gronlund and Waugh, 2009). Students will be assigned a letter grade (A, B, C, or D) according to their performance on the assessment. Gronlund and Waugh (2009) stated, â€Å"letter grades are typically assigned by comparing a student’s performance to a prespecified standard of performance† (p. 192). The results will not be used to compare student performance against others, but will aid in planning instruction for future lessons. I chose criterion-referenced assessment as a means of helping students achieve mastery of the instruction, and improve learning by determining what they know and what they don’t know. Grading Rubric References Angelo, T. A. , Cross, K. P. (1993). Classroom assessment techniques: a handbook for college teachers (2nd ed. ). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Gronlund, N. E. , Waugh, C. K. (2009). Assessment of student achievement (9th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.

James Patterson Book List by Year

James Patterson Book List by Year Author  James Patterson releases several books every year, thrilling his fans with page-turners that are easy to read and entertaining. Many of his books are co-written with lesser-known authors, allowing him to write more than one man could on his own. Wondering if you have missed one of his releases? Complete List Of James Patterson Books By Year 1976 - The Thomas Berryman Number1977 - Season of the Machete1977 - The Jericho Commandment (published again in 1997 as See How They Run)1980 - Virgin1986 - Black Market (published again in 2000 as Black Friday)1988 - The Midnight Club1992 - Along Came A Spider (Alex Cross Series)1994 - Kiss the Girls (Alex Cross Series)1996 - Jack Jill (Alex Cross Series)1996 - Hide Seek1996 - Miracle on the 17th Green (with Peter De Jonge)1997 - See How They Run (published previously as The Jericho Commandment)1997 - Cat and Mouse (Alex Cross Series)1998 - When the Wind Blows1999 - Pop Goes the Weasel (Alex Cross Series)2000 - Black Friday (previously published in 1986 as Black Market)2000 - Cradle All (previously published in 1980 as Virgin)2000 - Roses are Red (Alex Cross Series)2001 - Violets are Blue (Alex Cross Series)2001 - Suzannes Diary for Nicholas2001 - 1st to Die (Womens Murder Club)2002 - Four Blind Mice (Alex Cross Series)2002 - Beach House(with Peter De Jonge) 2002 - 2nd Chance (Womens Murder Club, with Andrew Gross)2003 - The Big Bad Wolf (Alex Cross Series)2003 - The Jester(with Andrew Gross)2003 - The Lake House (sequel to When The Wind Blows)2004 - 3rd Degree (Womens Murder Club, with Andrew Gross)2004 - London Bridges (Alex Cross Series)2004 - Sams Letters to Jennifer2004 - Santa Kid2005 - 4th of July (Womens Murder Club, with Maxine Paetro)2005 - Mary, Mary (Alex Cross Series)2005 - Honeymoon(with Howard Roughan)2005 - Lifeguard(with Andrew Gross)2005 - Maximum Ride: The Angel Experiment2006 - Cross(Alex Cross Series)2006 - (with Peter De Jonge)2006 - Judge and Jury(with Andrew Gross)2006 - 5th Horseman (Womens Murder Club, with Maxine Paetro)2007 - Step on a Crack2007 - 6th Target  (Womens Murder Club Series)2007 - Double Cross  (Alex Cross Series)2008 - 7th Heaven  (Womens Murder Club Series)2008 - Maximum Ride #4: The Final Warning2008 - Sundays at Tiffanys2008 - Sail2008 - The Dangerous Days of Daniel X 2008 - Against Medical Advice2008 - Cross Country  (Alex Cross Series)2009 - The 8th Confession  (Womens Murder Club Series)2009 - Daniel X: Watch the Skies2009 - The Murder of King Tut2009 - Witch Wizard2009 - Alex Cross Trial  (Alex Cross Series)2009 - I, Alex Cross  (Alex Cross Series)2010 - Worst Case2010 - Fang2010 - The 9th Judgment  (Womens Murder Club Series)2010 - Dont Blink2010 - Private2010 - Postcard Killers2010 - Cross Fire  (Alex Cross Series)2010 - Witch Wizard: The Gift2011 - Tick Tock2011 - Angel2011 - Toys2011 -  Kill Alex Cross  (Alex Cross Series)2012 -  10th Anniversary  (Womens Murder Club Series)2012 - Private Games2012 - Private: #1 Suspect2012 - Guilty Wives2012 - 11th Hour  (Womens Murder Club Series)2012 - Middle School: Get Me Out of Here2012 - I, Michael Bennett2012 - Nevermore: The Final Maximum Ride Adventure2012 - Zoo2012 - Confessions of a Murder Suspect2012 - NYPD Red2012 - Daniel X: Armageddon 2012 - Merry Christmas, Alex Cross  (Alex Cross Series)2012 - I, Funny2013 - Private Berlin2013 - Witch Wizard: The Kiss2013 - Alex Cross, Run  (Alex Cross Series)2013 - Middle School: My Brother Is a Big, Fat Liar2013 - 12th of Never  (Womens Murder Club Series)2013 - Second Honeymoon2013 - Private Down Under2013 - Middle School: How I Survived Bullies, Broccoli, and Snake Hill2013 - Mistress2013 - Treasure Hunters2013 - Gone2013 - Confessions: The Private School Murders2013 - Cross My Heart  (Alex Cross Series)2013 - I Even Funnier2014 - First Love 2014 - Private L.A.2014 - NYPD Red 22014 - Middle School: Ultimate Showdown2014 - Unlucky 13  (Womens Murder Club Series)2014 - Invisible2014 - Middle School: Save Rafe2014 - Homeroom Diaries2014 - Private Down Under2014 - Danger Down The Nile2014 - Burn2014 - Confessions: The Paris Mysteries2014 - Private India2014 - Hope to Die  (Alex Cross Series)2014 - House of Robots2014 - The Lost 2015 - Private Vegas2015 - I Totally Funniest2015 - NYPD Red 32015 - Public School Superhero2015 - The Mystery Writers of America Cookbook2015 - 14th Deadly Sin  (Womens Murder Club Series)2015 - Maximum Ride Forever2015 - Truth or Die2015 - Just My Rotten Luck2015 - Lights Out2015 - Alert2015 - Private Syndey2015 - Secret of the Forbidden City2015 - The Murder House2015 - Confessions: The Murder of an Angel2015 - Cross Justice  (Alex Cross Series)2015 - Robots Go Wild!2015 - I Funny TV2016 - NYPD Red 42016 - Private Paris2016 - Jacky Ha-Ha2016 - 15th Affair  (Womens Murder Club Series)2016 - Ultimate Fight2016 - Private Rio2016 - Filthy Rich2016 - Humans, Bow Down2016 - Peril at the Top of the World2016 - Bullseye2016 - Woman of God2016 - From Hero to Zero2016 - Cross the Line  (Alex Cross Series)2017 - Middle School: Escape to Australia2017 - The Shut-In2017 - The End: An Owen Taylor Story2017 - Bedding the Highlander 2017 - The Black Book2017 - I Funny: School of Laughs2017 - Night Sniper2017 - After the End: An Owen Taylor Story2017 - Two from the Heart2017 - How to Be a Supervillain2017 - 16th Seduction (Womens Murder Club Series)2017 - Crazy House2017 - Juror #32017 - The Dolls2017 - Dr. Death2017 - Big Words for Little Geniuses

Communication Research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Communication Research - Assignment Example This is where the all the data comes from.> Might be helpful to the class if you mentioned why Qual research doesn’t do sampling? Qualitative research doesn’t do sampling because unlike in quantitative research which rely heavily on sample size as the key drivers for statistical analysis, qualitative research rely more on observation and the interpretations are mostly value-bound. Qualitative research is subjective in nature while quantitative research is objective. Given the context and implications of the use of sampling in a research study, it is important to ensure that the sample size chosen is appropriate and adequate in order to derive effective results from the study. Since the analysis of the data relies heavily on the sampling methods used as well as on the sample size it is highly crucial to ensure that the chosen method is apt for the research study. However determining an appropriate sample size is highly tedious process and the researchers are generally found to be vulnerable to random sampling errors. These sampling errors encountered by researchers refer to ascertaining the appropriate sample size and disregarding the response and non-response bias Yes. Response bias means when the respondents answer in accordance with what they perceive the researcher expects them to answer rather than relying on their own personal beliefs. Non-response bias occurs in statistical surveys and refers to the difference between the answers provided by the respondents and those likely to be provided by potential respondents who did not participate in the study (Wunsch, 1986). The key advantages of sampling is that it allows the researchers to use numbers as a tool to assign value to a given phenomenon and derive meaning out of the numerical data, collected by them (Keyton, 2011). Quantitative research enables the researchers to use/ select smaller groups or

Case 2.2 Gucci America, Inc. V. Wang Huoqing Assignment

Case 2.2 Gucci America, Inc. V. Wang Huoqing - Assignment Example It can be derived from the report and the previous research conducted on the topic that products of Gucci America were highly recognized and its trademark valuable. For this reason, Wang Huoqing created products that resembled products from Gucci. The main dispute was caused by infringement of trademark rules. This is because Wang Huoqing used the Gucci trademark for its products. Upon realization, Gucci America filed a case aimed at challenging the legality of the trademark on products used by Wang Huoqing. The researcher states that the legal question raised may be valid. Upon registration, Gucci America was provided with the right to regulate the use of its trademark. The defendant breached this legal agreement by using the trademark without the authorization on the plaintiff. This essay discusses that the decision by the courts is that Wang Huoqing did not adhere to the trademark requirements. In addition, the courts reached the decision that the dependent was liable to pay compe nsation to the plaintiff. In addition, the questions raised by the plaintiff on the harm made on the Gucci America brand were sustained. The author has rightly presented that the argument prior to the decision is that Gucci America was the first organization to be provided with the right on the Gucci Trademark. Another organization may use the trademark after an agreement with the parent company.  Ã‚  

Rc car shell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Rc car shell - Essay Example Shells for RC cars can be manufactured using a variety of ways, which have similarities but differ in different ways. The common aspect with all the manufacturing processes is that they require a mould or pattern that takes the shape of the car shell so that the design of the shell can be similar. The moulds are also different because some of them are positive whereas others are negative (Groover 2013). Before manufacturing begins, the company must choose the best process in terms of a variety of needs. For instance, the manufacturing process to be chosen should be fast, time conscious and should also have the ability for a high product output but at the same time produce high quality products. It should also use readily available and cheap raw materials rather than expensive ones. As stated above, many processes exist that can be applied when manufacturing RC Buggy shell. These include Compression moulding, Reaction Injection Moulding, thermoforming and transfer moulding. All these manufacturing processes are viable for manufacturing an RC Buggy shell. This paper will discuss all these manufacturing processes in terms of their viability, advantages and disadvantages and make a recommendation on the one that is the most viable option among them for manufacturing an RC Buggy shell. Reaction Injection Moulding: This is one of the methods that are used to manufacture shell for RC cars. In this method, the manufacturer has to build a special mould using a pattern that is similar to the shape of RC buggy Shell. After the first process, the manufacturer can then start working with the material that should be used. This is important because the method requires a mixture of two materials that must be put into a mould cavity, where a chemical reaction is introduced so that these two materials can react to form a solid in a solidification process that creates a cross-link between the materials

Benefits of Career Planning

Benefits of Career Planning Career planning is the process by which one selects career goals and the path to these goals. Career development is those personal improvements one undertakes to achieve a personal career plan. Career management is the process of designing and implementing goals, plans and strategies to enable the organization to satisfy employee needs while allowing individuals to achieve their career goals. So, due to this career planning and development is necessary to each and every employee in an organization. The need of career planning and development is felt in each and every organization of todays global world. Need for Career Planning: Career Planning is necessary due to the following reasons: 1. To attract competent persons and to retain them in the organization. 2. To provide suitable promotional opportunities. 3. To enable the employees to develop and take them ready to meet the future challenges. 4. To increase the utilization of managerial reserves within an organization. 5. To correct employee placement. 6. To reduce employee dissatisfaction and turnover. 7. To improve motivation and morale. Process of Career Planning : The following are the steps in Career Planning : 1. Analysis of individual skills, knowledge, abilities, aptitudes etc. 2. Analysis of career opportunities both within and outside the organization. 3. Analysis of career demands on the incumbent in terms of skills, knowledge, abilities, aptitude etc., and in terms of qualifications, experience and training received etc. 4. Relating specific jobs to different career opportunities. 5. Establishing realistic goals both short-term and long-term. 6. Formulating career strategy covering areas of change and adjustment. 7. Preparing and implementing action plan including acquiring resources for achieving goals. Pre-requisites for the success of career planning. 1. Strong commitment of the top management in career planning, succession planning and development. 2. Organization should develop, expand and diversify its activities at a phased manner. 3. Organization should frame clear corporate goals. 4. Organization should have self-motivated, committed and hard working employees. 5. Organizations goal in selection should be selecting the most suitable man and place him in the right job. 6. Organization should take care of the proper age composition in manpower planning and in selection. 7. Organization should take steps to minimize career stress. 8. Organization should have fair promotion policy. 9. Organization should publicize widely the career planning and development programmes. Advantages of Career Planning:- For Individuals: 1. The process of career planning helps the individual to have the knowledge of various career opportunities, his priorities etc. 2. This knowledge helps him select the career that is suitable to his life styles, preferences, family environment, scope for self-development etc. 3. It helps the organization identify internal employees who can be promoted. 4. Internal promotions, upgradation and transfers motivate the employees, boost up their morale and also result in increased job satisfaction. 5. Increased job satisfaction enhances employee commitment and creates a sense of belongingness and loyalty to the organization. 6. Employee will await his turn of promotion rather than changing to another organization. This will lower employee turnover. 7. It improves employees performance on the job by taping their potential abilities and further employee turnover. 8. It satisfies employee esteem needs. For Organizations: A long-term focus of career planning and development will increase the effectiveness of human resource management. More specifically, the advantages of career planning and development for an organization include: i. Efficient career planning and development ensures the availability of human resources with required skill, knowledge and talent. ii. The efficient policies and practices improve the organizations ability to attract and retain highly skilled and talent employees. iii. The proper career planning ensures that the women and people belong to backward communities get opportunities for growth and development. iv. The career plan continuously tries to satisfy the employee expectations and as such minimizes employee frustration. v. By attracting and retaining the people from different cultures, enhances cultural diversity. vi. Protecting employees interest results in promoting organizational goodwill. Limitations of career planning :- Apart from advantages, there are some limitations. So, let us have a look at the limitations of career planning. Despite planning the career, employees face certain career problems. They are: Dual Career Families: With the increase in career orientation among women, number of female employees in on increase. With this, the dual career families have also been on increase. Consequently, one of those family members might face the problem of transfer. This has become a complicated problem to organizations. Consequently other employees may be at disadvantage Low ceiling careers: Some careers do not have scope for much advancement. Employees cannot get promotions despite their career plans and development in such jobs. Declining Career Opportunities: -Career opportunities for certain categories reach the declining stage due to the influence of the technological or economic factors. Solution for such problem is career shift. Downsizing/Delayering and careers: Business process reengineering, technological changes and business environmental factors force the business firms to restructure the organizations by delayering and downsizing. Downsizing activities result in fixing some employees, and degrading some other employees. Review of literature (Bardsley 1987) IBMs career planning workshop focuses on the interests, skills, and contributions inherent in the individuals current job. Employees study their jobs components and learn how to make the work more challenging. In addition, participants learn how jobs evolve from business needs Leibowitz, Farren, and Kaye (1985) it has been present a model for designing and implementing a career development system. Their guidelines include the following: o State specifics o Tie the program to overall human resource development o Tailor the program to the culture o Build from a conceptual base o Plan long-term approaches, short-term payoff o Design multiple approaches o Co-design and manage the project o Ensure top management support o Publicize accomplishments Slavenski and Buckner (1988) it conclude their paper with a list of recommendations garnered from the literature and from their own experiences with career development in the workplace. Among their recommendations for persons designing and implementing career development are the following: o Link new programs to other parts of the career development system o Design the program in terms of the specific organizational culture o Think of career development as a process, not a program o Involve line management. Choong Kwon Lee (2010) It has been described that agency theory is proposed as a framework for explaining the design of IT jobs and career paths. To support this theory, data about knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) were gathered and analyzed from Fortune 500 job listings for the Programmer/Analyst Systems Analyst IT Manager career path. The results indicate that agency theory has significant predictive power over the type and importance of IT KSAs for job sequences along IT career paths. The results have implications for both researchers who are looking for theories that explain IT job design and career path development and managers who are challenged with decisions about how to design IT jobs and manage IT career paths. Workspan (sep 2010) According to a recent study, 60% of the 382 polled companies have a career development program in place, and 41% of those use in-house coaches and/or mentors to drive development. The study suggests that people who want coaching and mentoring are better off working in the rich and diverse villages of large corporations. Of the companies that do not have such programs, four-fifths plan to implement one within the next two years. Joann S. Lublin (Dec 2009) About 44% of individuals age 50 or older plan to postpone retirement, with half of those planning to work at least three years longer than previously expected, concluded a February poll of more than 2,200 U.S. employees by consultants Watson Wyatt Worldwide Inc. The postponed promotion phenomenon is a reality in the heavy-manufacturing, media, retailing, financial-services and medical-supply industries, says John Beeson, a principal of Beeson Consulting, which specializes in succession planning and executive development. The assistant director of a midsize nonprofit group expected to snare the executive directors spot after the executive director retired next January, says Katy Piotrowski, the assistant directors career counselor in Fort Collins, Colo. Kimberly A. Eddleston (2003) it has been described that research has uncovered important predictors of managerial career success, the causal relationships between these predictors has not been fully explored. Accordingly, we propose and test a model that establishes a link between individual differences, salient career-related beliefs, career enhancing outcomes and managerial career success. Using path analysis, we found that education and career impatience directly affected willingness to relocate and perceived marketability, which in turn led to more promotions offered and greater exposure to powerful networks. Finally, the number of promotions offered directly affected management level, which in turn affected compensation level. With respect to gender differences, we found that beliefs regarding the efficacy of mentoring positively influenced a womans sense of marketability, and like her male counterpart, exposure to powerful networks. However, we also found that for women manager s, unlike men, such exposure did not affect the number of promotions they were offered. Cathleen Benko, Managing Principal of Talent USA (2007) This article introduces mass career customization, a system that encourages a continuous collaboration between employer and employee to design customized career paths, taking into account both the changing needs of the business and employees changing lives. Mass career customization is an adaptive model of career progression that offers employees career-long options for keeping their work and personal lives in sync and employers the long-term loyalty of their best and brightest. MCC was first introduced through a 120-participant implementation pilot that began within Deloitte Consulting LLP in 2005 and then continued through a year-long second round pilot with approximately 300 participants in 2006. Findings Satisfaction with career-life fit improved, in some case sharply. Nearly 90 percent said MCC positively influenced their decision to remain with the organization. Team leaders said the ongoing MCC process was an advantage i n staffing new projects with top talent. Client service standards were maintained. Significant savings were achieved, primarily driven by positive impact on retention and associated revenue. COMPANY IBM (CAREER PLANNING) IBM Global Business Services organization offers numerous paths to career success. While most traditional consulting firms offer a single route to a leadership position, they have four career paths that focus on our consulting, sales, project management and technical competencies. This allows their people to succeed by focusing on their strengths and interests in one or more disciplines. Partner client management, practice development, engagement sales and delivery Sales Executive client relationship and sales Delivery Executive project management Distinguished Engineer technical capabilities In addition, as part of a large global organization with multiple business units, our consultants gain access to career opportunities throughout IBM in strategy, marketing, sales, finance and human resources, among many others-something our competitors simply cannot match. In fact, many of our most successful executives have had roles in several organizations within IBM. A guide for new hires An early start at career success begins with IBM, their new-hire training program. They make learn how IBM works, how to maximize the contribution to the company, how to successfully navigate within IBM and connect with the colleagues and have fun in the process. Planning the career To help to identify opportunities, construct a skills road map and mark their progress, IBM offers easy-to-navigate career Web sites and tools: Job role and technical training In addition to top-notch professional skills, IBM focuses on in-depth industry and technical training to keep you up to date on emerging technologies and skills valued in the marketplace. Academic learning assistance program IBM provides assistance for external education in addition to our internal training offerings to help you keep your skills aligned with our business goals. [emailprotected] Explorer The Academic Learning Assistance Program is intended to meet identified business needs by paying for many educational expenses for employees at universities and colleges. Participation is limited and selective. Management may limit whether the plan is available to their employees given business needs. If it is available, management may specify additional requirements for their employees to participate. Tution fee All three plans under the Academic Learning Assistance Program (DWSP, ICP, SSP) are funded by the business units. Participation is limited and selective. Management may limit whether the plan is available to their employees given business needs. The education expense is charged to the education minor code 0330 and the employees division and department. However, each IBM division decides whether to hold the funding at the department, functional, or divisional level. IBM expects you to apply for all other financial assistance to which you are entitled. Financial assistance includes student aid programs, scholarships, grants, fellowships, Veterans Administration benefits, etc. IBM reserves the right to discontinue any of the Plans in the program or discontinue the program should there be significant business changes. IBM Foundational Competencies We identify core competencies that provide the foundation for employee professional growth at IBM. These include: Adaptability Client focus Taking ownership Communication Drive to achieve Teamwork and collaboration Creative problem solving Passion for the business Trustworthiness IBMs commitment to people development sets us apart from other employers. From Web applications to mentors to global e-learning to classroom training, IBMs learning environment enables you to take charge of your skills and knowledge from day one, empowering you to expand your expertise throughout your career. Analysis As we know that IBM (International Business Machines) is is a multinational computer, technology and IT consulting corporation headquartered in Armonk, North Castle, New York, United States. IBM is the worlds largest technology company and the second most valuable by global brand (after Coca-Cola). IBM is one of the few information technology companies with a continuous history dating back to the 19th century. IBM manufactures and sells computer hardware and software (with a focus on the latter), and offers infrastructure services, hosting services, and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology. IBM company provide Base pay, performance bonuses, awards, commissions and other forms of earnings comprise the cash compensation for employee career planning. It Includes healthcare benefit such as- vision, dental, with two plan options and medical for which there are three plan options. They also provide Sickness accident income plans, long-term disability plan, travel accident insurance, long-term care insurance and group life insurance plans are available. IBM offers a leading-edge 401(k) plan where employees can contribute up to 80% of eligible compensation each pay-period before taxes and for eligible employees IBM will match up to the first 6% of pay. Employees are eligible for this match after 1 year of service. Additional program The employee purchase program allows employees to purchase IBM products at significant discounts off of the suggested retail price. Many IBM locations have special programs like fitness centers, educational courses, career planning centers and award programs. Conclusion As per the study we came to know that Career planning is an important step to success in the workplace. Through career planning one selects career goals and the path to these goals which incorporates short-term and long-term career goals,personal goals and constraints. Short-term planning Assess your skills, knowledge, values, constraints and interests Long-term planning Identify which new skills and knowledge you want to develop Research career opportunities Formulate a careers action plan with contingencies Up to 5 years ahead Check the careers action plan for realism From 5 to 10 years ahead As we have taken example of career planning in IBM Company, we have seen that the company provides special programs like fitness centers, educational courses, career planning centers and award programs. Through these planning program the employee of the company get the opportunities to have the knowledge of various career opportunities, his priorities etc. They also able to select the career that is suitable to his life styles, preferences, family environment, scope for self-development etc. So, Career planning program is being designing and implementing goals, plans and strategies to enable the organization to satisfy employee needs while allowing individuals to achieve their career goals. So, due to this career planning and development is necessary to each and every employee in an organization. The need of career planning and development is felt in each and every organization of todays global world.

Early Warning Signs in Elie Wiesels Night Essay -- essays research pa

Denying Life As a son watches his mother take her last breath on her deathbed, an overwhelming grief sets in. Although knowing that his mom smokes and drinks, he never told her to quit or ease up because he thought his mother can never die. In this case, the offset of this denial is his mom’s early death but, the denial by the Jews during 1942, caused a far more superior calamity, six million deaths! Alas, just like the boy who lost his mother, the Jews have signs and warnings to escape the invasion and Elie Wiesel does a superb job of incorporating that in his book, Night. These overlooked chances, or motifs, are Moshe not getting the respect for his word, uncomprehending the news that is given to the Jews, and the misjudgment of how evil a man Hitler is. If one is saved from a massacre of his or her own people, it is indispensable that he or she return back to his or her homeland and warn others of their approaching fate. This should give them enough time to pack their belongings and flee from their invaders. In Elie Wiesel’s painful memoir Night, there is a minor character that experiences this sequence, and his name is Moshe the Beadle. The only difference in the cycles is that when Moshe returns, nobody believes him of his incident. When Moshe returns, one citizen exclaims, â€Å"’He’s just trying to make us pity him. Or even: ‘Poor fellow, He’s gone mad.’† The cause of this persecution may be because of his â€Å"waiflike timidity,† but even so, heeding Moshe’s advice could have granted the Jews of Sighets’ protection from the Nazi concentration camps. An additional reason why Moshe was not given the proper respect might be because he was deeply religious. The o ther members in town may have been led to believe that Moshe had s... ...f the major Optimism of the Jews is that they could not comprehend the killing of all their people. They see it as a task that contains no possible way to be fulfilled. They justify it by saying â€Å"Was he going to wipe out a whole people? Could he exterminate a population scattered throughout so many countries? So many millions! What methods could he use?† (6). The answer to their question is yes but there is many chances to escape this fate, although the Jews of Sighet deny it. Understating Hitler, denying the media, and not realizing the depth of Hitler’s evil, were all the motifs shown above and is proof on how the Jews of Sighet deny their warning signs of an upcoming holocaust. Heeding these signs may have granted many of them life in a place that manufactured death. And when the race toward death began, it was the village idiot that came out to be the smartest.

Benchmarking: University and Target Organizations Essay

What is benchmarking? †¢ Benchmarking is an approach for departments to measure and compare themselves with higher-performing departments with the goal of identifying work processes, products, services, or strategies that will lead to improvement. Benefits of benchmarking †¢ Identify best practices that increase student satisfaction. †¢ Achieve efficiencies and increase productivity. †¢ Helpful during times of budget growth and reduction. †¢ Broaden perspectives and overcome resistance change. †¢ Demonstrate the quality and efficiency of your programs and services. Origins of benchmarking †¢ Emerged in 1980s as a survival tool for Xerox. †¢ In 1990, first university benchmark study conducted by the Council for the Advancement and Support of Education. †¢ In 1992, the National Association of College and University Business Officers (NACUBO) conducted a national benchmark study on administrative services. †¢ Since 1992, hundreds of schools have participated in NACUBO’s benchmark studies on topics ranging from admissions to purchasing. †¢ Today many higher education associations conduct benchmark studies. Opportunities for benchmarking in higher education †¢ Admissions – process of reviewing of applications †¢ Registrar – processing transcript requests †¢. Center for Student Involvement – processing the registration of student organizations †¢ Student Health Services – scheduling doctor appointments †¢ Campus Recreation – signing students up for recreation classes †¢ Career Services – registering employers in job fairs †¢ Crafts Center – registering students in workshops †¢ Human Resources – processing timesheets and payroll †¢ Transportation Services – arranging for special event parking services †¢ Police – computer – aided dispatch services †¢ Facilities Design – project design review process Five steps to benchmarking 1. Planning 2. Identifying target organizations 3. Data collection. 4. Analysis 5. Implementation Step 1. Planning †¢ Limit the study to what is vital to the performance of your department. †¢ Consider highly – regarded practices or services that can be made even better. †¢ Look into practices or services that students and staff regard as â€Å"broken†. – labor – intensive, time – consuming processes with suspected waste – Services or processes that generate dissatisfaction with students. – Processes that affect other key processes in your department or other departments. – Processes with poorly defined objectives or frequent errors requiring corrections. Prioritizing your benchmarking projects †¢. Potential for improvement in student satisfaction or staff productivity, †¢ Extent to which the process or service is broken, Feasibility of re-engineering the service or product. Selecting benchmark study team Involve staff members who are most familiar with the processes or services. If processes or services extend to other departments, involve their staff as well. Include a staff member who can successfully recruit the target organizations to participate in the study. Step 2. Identifying target organizations Identify recognized leaders based on: –awards, conference presentations, articles in association publications, and leaders in your  field. †¢ Target organizations can be departments: –internal to the university that perform similar processes or offer similar services. –with similar processes or services at other universities. –outside of higher education with similar functions, products, or services. Step 2. Identifying target organizations To ease the recruiting the process look for institutions that affiliate with one another in some manner. –They still need to be top performers! Secure their cooperation by: –Ensuring confidentiality of the results. – Making their participation easy by minimizing their investment of time in the study. – Promising to share the results. Step 3. Data collection †¢ The objective of data collection is to: – examine processes or services, – resources devoted to processes or services, and – measure performance. Step 3. Data collection Use methods such as: telephone interviews, on – line surveys, collection of department information (e. g. , organizational charts, procedure manuals) detailed flowcharts of internal processes interviews during meetings at conference, interviews and observation during site visits Step 3. Data collection †¢ Measuring performance involves developing metrics such as: †¢ QUALITY – student satisfaction surveys,  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ EFFICIENCY – number of transactions completed per departmental FTE, or – departmental cost per transaction processed. Examples of metrics †¢ Benchmarking study of custodial services in Student Centers †¢ QUALITY †¢ Staff and student ratings of the appearance of various spaces in the facility (e. g. ,bathrooms, dining spaces, meeting spaces, lounge spaces). †¢ EFFICIENCY †¢ Number of FTE dedicated to custodial services divided by facility square footage †¢ Number of FTE dedicated to custodial services divided by the number of people who visit the facility each day †¢ Amount of supplies and expenses budgeted to  custodial services divided by the number of people who visit the facility each day. Step 4. Analysis †¢ Your analysis may focus on: †¢ Differences in quality and efficiency levels. †¢ Factors that contribute to the differences in quality and efficiency including: †¢ Organizational structure, †¢ Leadership and mission †¢ Organizational stability and staff experience, †¢ Policies, †¢ Work flows and internal processes, †¢ Use of technology such as the web, email, phone †¢ Staffing levels, †¢ Training of staff, †¢ Division of job responsibilities, †¢ Funding, †¢ Use of assessment to receive student feedback Step 5. Implementation †¢ Analysis phase culminates in a documented action plan and recommendations †¢ Identify strengths and weaknesses relative to benchmark partners, †¢ Recommendation may include changing: – processes, – job responsibilities, – staff involved, – use of technology and development of software tools. Resources †¢ American Society for Quality http://www. asq. org †¢ Student Voice http://www. studentvoice. com †¢ Educational Benchmarking Inc. http://www. webebi. com – Has national benchmark studies on first – year experience, housing, Greek life, student centers, student organization leaders. †¢ International Benchmarking Clearinghouse http://www. apqc. orgÃ'Ž

Reconstruction Essays - Reconstruction Era, Free Essays, Term Papers

Reconstruction Essays - Reconstruction Era, Free Essays, Term Papers Reconstruction John Paul Figaro History Professor Gary Reconstruction Paper Reconstruction policies proved to be the seeds of failure in American race relations in the 19th century. Reconstruction demanded the Negroes freedom, their civil rights, the opportunity for economic freedom, education and the right to vote. This idea of Negro equality was the most controversial aspect of radical reconstruction, and violence was one of the means used to undermine Reconstruction. Racism and violence have proved to be interrelated factors in American society. In the words of W.E.B. Du Bois The slave went free; stood a brief moment in the sun; then moved back again toward slavery. The Southern whites ideology expressed certain propositions about the black man in society. The abolition of slavery ended the institution but not the system of beliefs, assumptions, and values they held concerning the Negro. Within the context of this white supremacist ideology, racism flourished. The black man was viewed as being part of a caste system where they were relegated to the bottom of the social classes with no legal status. In the movie The Birth of A Nation the director, D.W. Griffith, interprets the social reality and justifying policies of the Southern white in the 19th century. The tone of the movie infers that blacks are inherently inferior and are incapable of appreciating the freedom given to them. We are introduced to images of the contented slave working complacently in the field, to the freedman who has been corrupted by the Scallywags and Carpetbaggers, to the comic Negro in his clownish clothes, dancing and performing and to the vicious Negro renegade who attacks a white woman. The contrast between the Negro and the Southern white is established not only by characterization but also by southern attitudes and mannerisms. Griffith is re-creating the southern ideal of what it meant to be part of a higher civilization with values and an outlook that shaped the souths history. He pictures the well-dressed southern gentleman and lady, with their genteel manners and refined airs, as having the innate ability to appreciate the cotton flower in contrast to the downtrodden Negro worker in his shabby attire. There are other racist images throughout the movie as we view a changed south, that now has Negro judges and juries and white defendants. We are shown stat e assemblies in which the black men have control and authority but they are portrayed as drunken, shoeless, ignorant buffoons. It is here that we come to understand that new laws will be created to ensure the advancement and equality of the black race. It is suggested that the black man would dare to pass laws that allow intermarriage between whites and blacks. We learn that the Southern girl, Elsie, is outraged when Silas Lynch, a mulatto, dares to propose marriage. Silas Lynch becomes a symbol of his mulatto race. To underscore such absurdity, her father, a black sympathizer, becomes angered when he learns of the proposal thus emphasizing the hypocrisy of the northern views. Racism is again reinforced when Cameron meets Lynch for the first time and Cameron refuses to shake Lynchs hand because Lynch dares to consider himself an equal. There is also a confrontation on the street when a black man refuses to step aside for the white men to pass. Even the old Colonel is arrested and paraded before his former slaves who spit and taunt him. All these images project a South humiliated and degraded by Reconstruction. The Southerner feels degradation over the new order and the new rebellion of the South begins. Within the context of the South, beaten in war, where murder, disorganization and military rule is the new order, violence becomes the answer. Violence was the direct result of the Souths racist attitude and it was an integral part of the Southern landscape. Sympathy is elicited for the Southern white when Piedmont, South Carolina is under attack by a band of Negro militia and northern whites. We see the Negro raiding and burning homes, shooting whites and destroying the town without any just cause. Self-preservation becomes the key to saving themselves and violence becomes the means to their salvation. At the center of the resort to violence was a secret organization which served as a kind of guerrilla force to restore white supremacy. It was known as the Ku Klux Klan or The Invisible Empire of the South. A

Article Review Example - Write an A+ Grade Paper †Pro-Academic-Writers.com

Article Review Example - Write an A+ Grade Paper Article review writing is a challenging task. It requires the author to have a deep understanding of the article topic, to be able to search and analyze information, to critically summarize the material from different sources. You are to take into account importance and novelty of data and to discuss complex and voluminous topics in easy words. Practice is needed here. You can check an article review example to understand the format of article review writing. Article Review Example Want to properly write and complete an article review? No worries; we have prepared a free sample. Check our examples to easily write article reviews on any subject, whether it is jurisprudence, management, pedagogy, economics, or psychology. You can order a professional article review here. What to Start with? Before writing any article review, you need to understand what kind of article it is, its background, what functions it performs; what actually it is needed for. Get to know the main concepts. Having answers to above questions, you will be able to write an in-depth and fine-grained article review with no problems. Any article review should perform following functions. Outline the main content of an article, determine the relevance of the article, and decide whether to refer to the full text of the article; Discuss the importance of the article topic supported by other relevant information and data. An article review should include a description of the topic, main points discussed in the article, the purpose of writing, conclusions made by the writer. In the article review, you are to indicate what’s new has been stated/ revealed there. Related topics should be mentioned as well. To ease reading, divide your article review into several sections – each having a separate header/ sub-header. What’s more, when writing an article review, remember that its content should be objective. It is necessary to thoroughly study the article and other relevant literature to write an excellent paper. How to do it? Here are some of our recommendations: First, after reading the original article, think on the structure of your article review. Having decided on the main structure of your writing, it will be easier to understand what each section will be about. Highlight important points of the article and write them down in a separate document. You will later use this information when writing an article review. When reading the material, try to find contradictions in the article. You can further use this information. Make your article review more interesting and deep. Think about whether enough information is provided in an article so that you can write a review. If something is not clear in the article, do research. Key Points of Article Review Writing After reading the original article, you need to analyze information present there. Think if you have learned anything new and if information contradicts concepts you were already aware of. At the same time, you need to think how data can be perceived by a reader. Make sure it is fresh, actual, interesting. In general, to write an article review, you need to clearly understand what it is about. Write down key points that answer questions: What are goals set by the article? What is practical novelty of material discussed in the article? Is the conceptual line clear? Are highlighted facts important; do they make sense? Does the article fully cover the topic; are there any blank areas? How clear is the text written? If you have no experience in mastering article reviews, we advise you to review an article review example and understand key format, style, and language nuances. ORDER MY PERFECT ARTICLE REVIEW Writing a Review – Step-by-Step Guide Obviously, writing a review of an article is a difficult-to-accomplish mission. It requires a lot of time and efforts. It is a way easier to split a work into several stages and cope with each separately when you have time and inspiration. This approach has proven to be effective for many students. Step 1 – Write the Name The first thing that needs to be noted in the review is a full title of the article/data about its author – his position/name. Step 2 – Write Summary Do not forget to briefly discuss the problem discussed in the article. Write a few words about the relevance of the article topic. Demonstrate its impact on the audience as well as the novelty brought out by the writer. Step 3 – Evaluate Actuality No matter what field you cover in your paper, it is extremely important to evaluate and indicate the degree of relevance of the article, on what it is based. We advise you to tell the reader how he can benefit from reading your article review as well as the text of the original article. The evaluation process is the most important one. The success of the entire work is dependent on how a student has managed to analyze the issue. Step 4 – Do Not Forget about the Main Be sure to indicate in the article review main aspects that the author offers to the readers. Make sure to discuss main points, evaluate their importance and contribution to the development of the article topic. Step 5 – Write Recommendations While writing a paper, remember that there must necessarily be a recommendation from a reviewer. Use relevant material. In easy words, you are to provide your general impression of the article in the context of other literature on a given topic. Step 6 – Index Authority In the review, it is necessary to indicate data on the reviewer himself. You are to indicate your full name, place of work/ study, signature. Step 7 – Check Other Reviews There are probably many other reviews discussing the same topic and article. We recommend you to check them; thus, you will know how other writers evaluate/ understand the article. What main points they have paid attention to. At the same time, you will be able to see mistakes that some writers make and avoid making them in your own work. Key Elements of a Review Like any piece of writing, an article review is to consist of the introduction, body, conclusion. Each structural element is to perform a specific role and cannot be mixed. Click here to read about the use of transition words and phrases to make all parts of your writing smoothly and logically connected. Introduction The intro part should provide general information about the topic discussed in the article. It should evaluate if the information is actual/ acute. Here you can share your general impressions about the article and its value to the reader; introduction is a good place to have a thesis statement. You can briefly state the main idea of your writing here. Although it is a highly informative part of the article review, an introduction should be no more than 20% of the whole paper. Body The body is a brief description of positive aspects and shortcomings of the journal article. It should identify the central idea of the study and recall achievement of its purpose. In the body of the paper, you need to write basic thoughts and opinions the writer has stated in the text of the original article. Highlight the main critique points of the article in the paper. Support them with facts from research you have done yourself. We advise you to use several information sources and compare information found. It is not a good idea to use citations from the original text. It is better to analyze each statement and share your ideas instead of plagiarizing the text of the article you are reviewing. Are there any important points in the article; do not know what to start with? The best approach would be to highlight the most important argument first; however, you should never forget to mention other critical arguments. Need Help With Article Review? Ask Us! Conclusion A conclusion is the most important element of your writing. It is the very last part a person reads in your paper. Therefore, it is extremely important to make it sound effective. At the end of your writing, provide an overview of main parameters summarizing positive aspects described in articles. Here you can confirm the value of information with facts from other sources. That is, in the concluding part, you can make an emphasis on how information is useful to you and how a reader can benefit from reading it. Ensure the conclusion is maximum informative and short. It should be no more than 10% of the entire paper. How to Assure Success of Your Writing? Once your paper is ready, reread it again. It is necessary to eliminate mistakes and typos in your paper. By proofreading a text, you can check whether necessary information has been fully covered in it. We recommend you to pay attention to the conclusion. One thing if you write something wrong in the intro or body; another thing when the concluding part misses some important points. Typical Errors in Article Review Writing Article review writing is an extremely challenging task. No surprise that students usually make many mistakes. Some of them are listed below for you to avoid them in your essay. Retelling contents of the article instead of analyzing and interpreting it; Writing a comment instead of reviewing an article; Lack of reasoning; Being too original instead of analyzing data from the article; Unclear position of the review writer; The article review overload with secondary details (in particular, with biographical/ historical information that do not become reference points of article analysis); Illiterate or formal use of concepts of literary theory, literary terms. Want to know how to write academic papers? Click here for a full guide. Easy Review Writing Writing a review is a problematic procedure. The thing is that clearly formulating your opinion on research and expressing it in several pages is difficult not only for undergraduate or postgraduate students. You can ease the process if you follow a certain plan and write a paper step by step, according to criteria. If you do not have experience in writing article reviews, it is not a problem. There are many professional online services that can help you cope with the matter. You can place an order on writing an academic article/ movie review from scratch, preparing an outline, or finalizing your draft. Students now have a chance to order an academic assignment from real writing gurus and receive a masterfully crafted paper to their email.

Private Unions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Private Unions - Assignment Example Different labor markets address this issue differently depending on the extent to which such unions are needed. On the same note, both employees and employers remain divided over these unions, especially in an economy where the government addresses worker concerns with or without worker unions. Due to the fact that the government monitors the welfare of both employees and employers in the various labor markets in the economy, legislations that seek to strengthen unions in terms of their position in the economy and number or registered members are not necessary. Whether or not an employee should join a union should be a personal decision. â€Å"Right to Work† States have granted employees the right to decide whether or not to join unions or even support them financially, although there are exceptions to the railway and airline industries (Freeman, 2008). This move is beneficial to employees since they cannot be forced into unions or make mandatory contributions to unions that they do not wish to be in. Employees can push for their own welfare, air their concerns, and also balance employer-employee power without necessary depending on a

Answering questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Answering questions - Essay Example I think, this is the main ambivalence of the first paragraph. Also, the author calls this desire a â€Å"shame†, but at the same time he is angry that his wood is intercepted by a public foot-path. His feelings of a property owner are interfered with his consciousness. Forster assumes that â€Å"creation, property, enjoyment form a sinister trinity in the human mind† (Forster 263). According to the author, a man owning property â€Å"ought to do something to it†. Property brings restlessness, which is different from the same restlessness accompanying the act of creation. Property can substitute the material basis needed for creation and enjoyment (which are both good, as the author writes). He thinks that our world is â€Å"material and carnal† and that we should learn how â€Å"to manage our materialism and carnality†. I can’t agree with the author on that. Forster, for example, mentions Tolstoy and his negative attitude to property. But, as a matter of fact, Tolstoy was an earl; he owned a large estate with slaves and was definitely a man of property. Property allowed him to obtain a good education and a material basis to create, i.e. he could waste no time on earning his living, but spend it on thinking and wr iting. Therefore, possessing property does not always mean â€Å"restlessness† about it. However, there are exceptions, but it only means that one should not be so categorical in this issue. II. In her essay Toynbee elaborates on Richard Wilkinson’s idea that inequality is the main peril of society. For her â€Å"equality for its own sake† means a better and healthier society. This opinion is based on Wilkinson’s assumptions that â€Å"social environment can be more toxic than any pollutant† (cited in Toynbee 365). In simple words, poor people see the rich and it leads to envy and other negative emotions, which, in their turn, lead to unhealthy life. It can be proved, the author argues, by the experiments with animals. And since

Mental Health Issues in long term care Research Paper

Mental Health Issues in long term care - Research Paper Example Census Bureau, 2009). There are two main reasons responsible for this trend: 1. The baby-boomer generation is growing old with most of the people in this group being in their 50s currently. 2. The life expectancy has moved from 47.3 years in 1900s to 77 years in 2000 (Federal Interagency Forum on Aging Related Statistics, 2010). This has been achieved largely due to improved sanitation, nutrition and rapid advancement in medical technologies. These factors have contributed to the dramatic rise in lifespan and proportionate increase in health care issues - especially mental health issues among the older American population. Statistics reveal that over 14 million people live in long term care facilities of which nearly 90% are over 65 years (Federal Interagency Forum on Aging Related Statistics, 2010). These long term care facilities vary in scope from institutions and homes for the mentally challenged to nursing homes and assisted-living facilities. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2001), 67% of nursing home residents exhibit some form of mental or behavioral problems. ... ncidence of mental health problems in long term care residents is therefore extremely high (American Health Care Association, 2003): Mental Retardation 2.82% Depression 42.79% Psychiatric diagnosis 18.76% Dementia 45.35% Behavioral problems 30.62% Mental Health Issues in Long Term Care Facilities Following are some of the common mental health issues faced by residents in long term care facilities: 1. Depression: Depression is the most common mental health issue among residents in long term care facilities. Older people often experience loneliness, helplessness, hopelessness, frustration and anger towards the later phase of their life. Symptoms of depression include feeling ‘low’ and not enjoying things that once used to be very interesting to them, difficulty falling asleep or sleeping all the time, loss or increase in appetite, crying or acting out emotionally, anger, irritability, suicidal behavior, restlessness or slowed movements. According to the National Institute of Mental Health (2000), although older Americans, over the age of 65 years, make up only 13% of the population, they account for 20% of the people who commit suicide. In fact older Americans have the highest suicide rate of any age group (National Institute of Mental Health, 2000). The most important factor that helps address depression in residents of long term care facilities has been found to be human interaction especially with their loved ones. 2. Delirium: Delirium is mostly caused by acute illness or drug toxicity. It may also be caused by fever, acute infection mostly urinary tract infection, medical conditions such as diabetes or as a reaction to leaving familiar people and places. Delirium always involves periods of diminished consciousness. A person suffering from delirium may act

Born For Liberty by Sara M. Evans Essay Example for Free

Born For Liberty by Sara M. Evans Essay The Introduction part of the book Born for Liberty by Sara M. Evans is the written path of being informed of the History of Women in America. As it is mentioned in the first few pages of this book, there is a lack of information that we need to fill in ourselves. We have all heard from many historians specially, that our World cannot take the right direction if it finds its past obscured and hard to be seen! I believe a lot of things are connected to each other, and history is one of the most relevant part of our globe and the reason being is because we depend on what our ancestors had been through! The fact that I am using the word depend might confuse you by giving you the wrong idea! In the past, there have been a lot of wonderful, but without forgetting to mention the not so pretty moments that people have lived years ago! Historians are the ones who are willing to examine and study the roots of out life in order to offer us the opportunity to improve our chances of the event that might happen again as it usually does when there are pieces of the puzzle missing! We learn from what had happened to our ancestors, and this way we figure out something else that should improve our life, and diminishing the chances of something ugly to happen again! I guess, all of us know that there has been an abundance of distinct wars in many different countries, and as the years are going by we are reducing the numbers of wars around the world and that is because we learned from the others mistakes! Now going back to the main topic, the history of Women in America, there is a great deal to talk about! Everybody, even my little sister can notice that women are kind of excluded from our History and it has always been that way till now! There was always this vision we had in our minds, that there was always a HE rather than a SHE! We always viewed women as weak creatures designed only for housework, and offering pleasure to the man she stands by! If you have noticed, the fairy tails and the other old stories we have heard during the years we grew, there was always the prince, the hero, the superman, etc! Well, I think it is time for us to have a look at the female part of the world and try to accept their accomplishments during the years that have passed! Women were always excluded from most formal public roles, and as the years passed they learned how to be heard and Sara M. Evans  supports really well this idea by giving a good example of this that is mentioned in the introduction part of the book when it says: The most extreme example is the women of Salem, Massachusetts; as accused witches, accusers, and witnesses, these women held an entire colony in thrall for months (Evans 4). There have also been feminist historians who have dedicated their lives primarily to clear the bad opinion people saved relating to women. Now it is more than obvious and lucid that women have really shaped the broader history and they have given it the flavor it lacked back then! They were the ones who helped to solve the uncountable problems the government had with the immigrants, the ethnic problems and the other ones that would still be present if it wasnt for the intellectual women who set goals to themselves! This is what Sara M. Evans is trying to explain in her book Born For Liberty!